![]() In both the short and long run, we observed statistically significant asymmetric impacts of air transport on economic growth. We also examined the effects of selected control variables (i.e., energy consumption, financial development, socialisation, and urbanisation) on economic growth. ![]() We use the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) modelling approach on data for Australia from 1971 to 2019. To conduct the study, we analyse the asymmetric long-run and short-run impacts of the air passengers carried (a proxy for tourism) on the gross domestic product (GDP) in Australia. Thus, this study examines whether air transport (a proxy for tourism) stimulates economic growth to validate the air-transportation-led growth hypothesis (ALGH) in the Australian context. However, air transport remains an important contributor to economic growth globally. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all sectors of the tourism industry, particularly air transportation.
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